Exercises
- Find literature on bar-headed goose hemoglobin from PubMed.
- Find protein sequences of bar-headed goose and greylag goose hemoglobin from Swiss-Prot make sequence alignment to compare the differences between these two molecules.
- Find protein sequences which share 90% similarity with bar-headed hemoglobin alpha chain, make multiple sequence alignment and construct a phylogenetic tree for the above protein sequences using the maximum parsimony method.
- Retrieve three-dimensional structure oxy (1A4F) and deoxy (1HV4) form of bar-headed goose hemoglobin, compare the difference of the heme molecule with Swiss-PDB Viewer.
- Make superimposition for the alpha and beta subunit of bar-headed goose and greylag goose (1FAW) hemoglobin, find out the differences of the substitution site (Pro119-Ala119), measure the contact distance between the side chain of this residues and the side chain of Ile55 of the beta subunit.
- Make a summary about the sequence, structure and function of bar-headed goose hemoglobin.
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Xu LM, Analysis of Bar-headed goose hemoglobin.
Homework of the ABC course (in Chinese).
[ PDF ]
References
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Zhu XJ, Guan YY, Lei FM.
Hemoglobins and high-altitutde adaptive evolution in vertebrates.
Scientia Sinica Vitae. 2006; 46(1):84-102.
[ PDF ] -
Jessen TH, Weber RE, Fermi G, et al.
Adaptation of bird hemoglobins to high altitudes:
demonstration of molecular mechanism by protein engineering.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 1;88(15):6519-22.
[ Abstract | PDF ] -
Perutz MF. Species adaptation in a protein molecule.
Mol Biol Evol. 1983 Dec;1(1):1-28.
[ Abstract | PDF ] -
Zhang J, Hua Z, Tame JR, et al.
The crystal structure of a high oxygen affinity species of haemoglobin.
J Mol Biol. 1996 Jan 26;255(3):484-93.
[ Abstract | PDF ] -
Liang Y, Hua Z, Liang X, et al.
The crystal structure of bar-headed goose hemoglobin in deoxy form:
the allosteric mechanism of a hemoglobin species with high oxygen affinity.
J Mol Biol. 2001 Oct 12;313(1):123-37.
[ Abstract | PDF ] -
Burmester T, Ebner B, Weich B, et al.
Cytoglobin: A Novel Globin Type Ubiquitously Expressed in Vertebrate Tissues.
Mol. Biol. Evol. 2002 Apr; 19(4):416-421.
[ Abstract | PDF ] - Natarajan C, Jendroszek A, Kumar A, et al. Molecular basis of hemoglobin adaptation in the high-flying bar-headed goose. PLoS Genet. 2018 Apr 2;14(4):e1007331. [ Abstract | PDF ]
- Scott GR, Hawkes LA, Frappell PB, et al. How bar-headed geese fly over the Himalayas. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015 Mar;30(2):107-15. [ Abstarct | PDF ]
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Hardison RC.
Hemoglobins from bacteria to man: evolution of different patterns of gene
expression.
J Exp Biol. 1998 Apr;201(Pt 8):1099-117.
[ Abstract | PDF ] -
Hardison RC.
Evolution of hemoglobin and its genes.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Dec 1;2(12):a011627.
[ Abstract | PDF ] -
Storz JF, Opazo JC, Hoffmann FG.
Gene duplication, genome duplication, and the functional diversification of
vertebrate globins.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012 Jul 27.
[ Abstract | PDF ]
Links
- Hemoglobin - Brief introduction of the structure and function of hemoglobin written by Shuchismita Dutta and David Goodsell for Molecule of the Month, PDB, May 2003.
- Storz Lab - A web site for the study of the hemoglobin structure, function and evolution maintained by Prof Jay Storz, University of Nebraska.
- Globin gene - A web site for the globin gene server developed by Prof Ross Hardision at Pennsylvania State University.
The pictures of bar-headed goose and greylag goose were downloaded from several web pages. Thanks to the original authors to make these beautiful pictures available on the Internet.